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Adaptation and Mitigation

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Climate Action

Negative Impacts



Resilience



Science-backed decisions




Module 2: Adaptation and Mitigation

How do we tackle climate change?
Lakshmi Menon, Senior Analyst – Adaptation and Risk Analysis Sector



Contents:

  • International Consensus and Local Action

  • Climate Action

    • Two Pillars: Adaptation and Mitigation

  • Planning for Adaptation 

    • Understanding what is at Risk?

    • Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)

  • Planning for Mitigation

    • Understanding Sources and Sinks

  • Synergies

  • Conclusion and Q&A


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Source: https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/climate/climate-change-glossary/ 


International Consensus and Local Action


Key Organisations


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Global Policy and Action 

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Why 1.5˚C ?

 

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Global Progress



Hierarchy of Action 

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Source: SREX IPCC Report, 2014 16


 

Climate Action

Two Pillars

 

Managing the Unavoidable                                                        Avoiding the Unmanageable

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Source: https://eaest.com/insight/climate-change-adaptation-vs-mitigation/

 

Adaptation

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Source: https://www.thebetterindia.com/233052/assam-floods-bamboo-homes-viral-survive-traditional-technology-sustainable-architecture-disaster-safe-social-india-ana79/ 


Flood-resilient agriculture techniques

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Source: https://www.wikihow.com/Protect-Crops-from-Heavy-Rain 


Adapting to heat stress

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Source: Hindustan Times


Mitigation

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Source: https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/india-factories-demand-to-generate-own-power-to-help-thermax/68165225 

 
Preventing the burning of fossil fuels

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Source: https://www.npr.org/2015/11/27/456716184/indias-quandary-climate-change-and-coal 

 

Emissions from the agriculture sector

Source: Bellarby, et al., 2008

Source: Bellarby, et al., 2008


Differences

Impacts


Adaptation

Mitigation

Due to existing emissions

To prevent future carbon emissions 

Short to medium-term 

Long-term

Local and context specific

Global

Protection from ongoing climate harm 

Reduction of severity of future climate harm


Quiz

A picture of a coastal city with a seawall and flood barriers, Kerala

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Source:

https://india.mongabay.com/2022/05/hard-constructions-continue-to-erode-keralas-coastline-leaving-communities-stranded/ 


A photo of a solar panel installation on the roof of a house, Gujarat

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Source:

https://india.mongabay.com/2022/05/hard-constructions-continue-to-erode-keralas-coastline-leaving-communities-stranded/ 


An illustration of a tree-planting event in a park

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Source:

https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/environment/leading-by-example-these-people-are-planting-trees-to-save-the-environment-we-should-too-372701.html 



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IPCC - Assessment Report – AR6, Working Group II 

Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability



Planning for Adaptation


Understanding Risk 

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Source:



Key terms and concepts

The goal of adaptation is to reduce risk

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How do we measure risk?



Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

Source: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Working Group II, AR6


Understanding Risk


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Hazard

What is causing risk?

⬆️ HAZARD = ⬆️ RISK



Understanding Risk

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Hazard

What is causing risk?


Understanding Risk

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Hazard

What is causing risk?

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Exposure

Who or what is at risk?


⬆️ EXPOSURE = ⬆️ RISK

  


Understanding Risk

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Hazard

What is causing risk?


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Exposure

Who or what is at risk?


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Vulnerability 

Why are they at risk?



Understanding Risk


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Vulnerability

Why are they at risk?


Socio Economic Status 

  • Poverty

  • Education

Household Composition 

  • Age 14 or younger

  • Age 60 or older

  • Disability

Housing & Infrastructure 

  • Kaccha House

  • Unpaved roads

  • Access to electricity

  • Access to mobile phones

  • Access to healthcare

  • Disaster shelter



⬆️ Vulnerability = ⬆️ Risk



Addressing Vulnerability

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GPSVS

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ADITHI

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SSEVS


Addressing Vulnerability

BADLAO FOUNDATION

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SAMVAD

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  • Agri & Non-agri Livelihoods

  • NRM

  • Education Advocacy

  • Health & Nutrition

  • Land Rights & Finance


Addressing Vulnerability

SEBA JAGAT 

VIEWS

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  • DRR + CCA

  • Sustainable Livelihoods

  • WASH

  • Education

  • Youth Welfare



Importance of Adaptation

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Source: Scriberia



Adaptation Methods

Behaviour Change

New Technologies 

Green Infrastructure / Climate-smart Agriculture

Capacity Building / Information & Awareness

Physical Infrastructure 

Financing 

Early Warning Systems

Policy 


Examples

Climate Smart Agriculture

  • Agroforestry

  • Intercropping

  • Crop Rotation

  • Drought Resistant Crops 

River Bunds 

Coastal Walls & Mangroves

Rainwater Harvesting

Weather forecasting 

Disaster Preparedness 


Case Studies

Chennai, Tamil Nadu

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Wetland Restoration


Lunch Break

IPCC - Assessment Report – AR6, Working Group III 

Mitigation of Climate Change



Planning for Mitigation


Understanding emissions

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Source: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III, AR6


Understanding emissions

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How do we mitigate climate change?

Carbon Sources and Sinks 

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Source: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III, AR6



Key terms and concepts 

The goal of mitigation is to reduce emissions from sources or increase carbon sinks

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Reducing emissions at source

  1. Renewable Energy

    1. Solar

    2. Wind

    3. Biogas

  2. Energy Efficiency

  3. Public Transport

  4. Electric Mobility

  5. Sustainable Agriculture

  6. Waste Management

  7. Population Control


Increasing sinks

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Increasing emission sinks

  1. Afforestation and Reforestation

  2. Urban Greening

  3. Agroforestry

  4. Mangrove Conservation


Key terms and concepts

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What is net-zero? 

Balancing GHG we release with the GHG we remove on a national scale

Source: Project Drawdown




Ongoing work

GHG

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Energy Efficiency.

Public Transport

Electric Mobility

3.

  • Sustainable Agriculture

  • Waste Management

  • Population Control

Synergies

Adaptation and Mitigation

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Source: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/ramya/safari/index.html#page1


Our Work

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Summary

  1. Two Pillars of Climate Action

  2. Adaptation 

    1. Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability

  3. Mitigation 

    1. Reduce Carbon Emissions + Increase Carbon Sinks

  4. Synergies 

  5. Application to real-life projects 

Annexe

Climate Change at Our Doorsteps

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#

Name

Head Office

Years in Operation

Regions of Operation

1

ADITHI

Patna

35

Bihar, Jharkhand

2

Ghoghardiha Prakhand Swarajya Vikas Sangh (GPSVS)

Madhubani

38

Bihar

3

Samagra Sikchhan Evam Vikas Sansthan (SSEVS)

Bettiah

33

Bihar

4

Badlao Foundation

Mihijam

41

Jharkhand

5

Samvad

Ranchi

22

Jharkhand

6

LAHANTI

Dumka

17

Jharkhand

7

Self Employed Workers' Association Kendra (SEWAK)

Tangarpali

28

Odisha

8

Seba Jagat

Rampur

31

Odisha

9

WORD India

Sirigida

31

Odisha

10

Voluntary Integration for Education and Welfare of Society (VIEWS)

Gopalpur

21

Odisha

11

Lucknow Mahila Sewa Trust

Lucknow

21

Uttar Pradesh



ADITHI, Patna

  • Initiation of fisheries program in Madhubani

  • Women's health status survey in Bihar

  • Soil and water conservation efforts in Dumra and Sitamarhi

  • Establishing IGNOU study centre in Dumka

  • Women & Children Welfare

  • ​Water & Sanitation activities in Dumka and Sahebganj districts

  • Operation of Women Helpline in Dumra, Sitamarhi

  • Continued partnership with Unicef, Bihar


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Women & Children Welfare

  • Flood Relief

  • WASH

  • HIV / AIDS

  • Education



Ghoghardiha Prakhand Swarajya Vikas Sangh (GPSVS), Madhubani

  • Climate Smart Agriculture Field Schools in Ghuskipatti, Jaynagar, Madhepur, Birpur, Basantpur

  • Health and Nutrition Garden in Madhubani, Supaul, and Darbhanga

  • Community Managed Drinking Water Supply System in Madhubani

  • Disaster Mitigation

  • Resilience Building of Women for climate Change in Supaul

  • Comprehensive School Safety Program in Muzaffarpur, Bhojpur

  • Trans Boundary Flood Resilience Project


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Disaster Mitigation

  • Agro & non agro livelihoods

  • WASH

  • Traditional Medicine

  • Women Welfare



Samagra Sikchhan Evam Vikas Sansthan (SSEVS)


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Promoting Enterprises & Agricultural Rural Livelihood (PEARL) phase-II project in West Champaran

  • Sustainable Livelihood Intervention for Dalit Empowerment (SLIDE) in West Champaran

  • Bihar Sustainable Livelihood Development (BSLD) in Sitamarhi

  • Preventing Child Trafficking in Muzaffarpur & Vaishali

  • Digital literacy in Saran

  • Livelihood Resilience for Small and Marginalised farmers of Gandak river basin in West Champaran

  • Promoting livelihood through MGNREGA in West Champaran & Siwan

  • Homestead Land Literacy and advocacy


  • DRR + CCA

  • Minimum Wages

  • Digital Literacy

  • Agriculture

  • Women & Child Welfare



Badlao Foundation, Mihijam


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Addressing vulnerabilities among the Pahariya community through women-led market interventions in Jharkhand, India

  • Strengthening of Tribal Organisation to Food Security and Rights (Aarho Johar)

  • Rural Infrastructure Development (RIDF) in Dumka

  • Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihood Project (JTELP)

  • Empowering Girls and Ending Child marriages in Jamtara, Jharkhand (UMANG)

  • Mahila Sabha Mutual Benefit Trust (MBT) in Jamtara



  • Agro & Non-agro livelihoods

  • WASH

  • Traditional Women

  • Medicine Welfare

  • Disaster Mitigation




Samvad, Ranchi


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Deepening indigenocracy and promoting sustainable livelihood in Jharkhand

  • Strengthening local self-governance in Jamtara district of Jharkhand

  • Creating awareness and access to social protection in Jharkhand

  • Improving knowledge and awareness about health and nutrition

  • Improving knowledge about family planning methods in 6 states in India, including Jharkhand


  • SHG

  • Climate Justice

  • Self

  • Governance

  • Forest Rights

  • Women & Child Welfare



Sebajagat, Rampur


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • ICRG programme in Kalahandi district

  • MGNREGS in Kalahandi and Nuapada

  • Disaster Management and Skill Building in Kalahandi

  • Community Forest Right movement in Kalahandi, Nuapada, Khurdha, Gajapati, Sundargarh, Baragada, Kandhamal & Rayagada areas


  • DRR + CCA

  • NRM

  • Skill Building

  • Alternative Energy

  • Health & Wellness




Voluntary Integration for Education and Welfare of Society (VIEWS), Gopalpur


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Small scale fisheries for Climate Adaptation

  • Safe Migration from Cyclone-affected areas

  • Clean Energy promotion

  • Disaster Relief

  • Community-based DRR preparedness

  • Millet and Rice Intensification


  • DRR + CCA

  • Sustainable Livelihoods

  • WASH

  • Education

  • Youth Welfare



LAHANTI, Dumka


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Hope of Family, Jharkhad Lahanti Project

  • Gram Swasashan Aviyan (Self Governance), in Santhal Paragana

  • Jharkhand Anti-Trafficking Network

  • Red Alert (anti-trafficking)

  • Lok Manch, Food Security and Agro-based Livelihoods, Jharkhand


  • SelfGovernance

  • Anti-trafficking

  • Dalit Upliftment Agriculture

  • Women & Child Welfare



Self Employed Workers' Association Kendra (SEWAK), Tangarpali

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Major Regions and Domains of Work

  • Educating rural and tribal communities on their rights

  • Raising awareness on health and the environment

  • Working in the domains of gender and education in Sundargarh, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, and Keonjhar districts of Odisha



Women Organisation for Rural Development (WORD India), Sirigida


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Life Skills and Education in Telkoi and Barkot

  • Jiban Sampark in Deogarh district

  • Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Planning in Ghasipura

  • Strengthening Panchayati Raj

  • FRA in Telkoi and surrounding areas

  • Child Rights in Bhimkand

  • Climate Resilience Agriculture in Telkoi


  • Agro-based livelihoods

  • Self-Governance

  • WASH 

  • Forest Rights

  • Women & Child Welfare


Lucknow Mahila Sewa Trust, Lucknow


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Major Regions and Domains of Work


  • Nayi Umang- Sustainable Livelihood for Rural Women

  • Rudi-Rural Distribution (Second Freedom of self-employed Women)

  • Membership Management System

  • Digital Literacy for Underprivileged women

  • Naee Roshni - Training Programme in Raebareli

  • Huner Se Amdani – Training Programme in Lucknow

  • Family Farming Programme

  • Usha Shakti Project, Lucknow

  • Samman Sewa - Economic Empowerment of Domestic Workers


  • Skill Development

  • Micro finance

  • Technology-Based Farming

  • WASH

  • Women & Child Welfare

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