Adaptation and Mitigation
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Climate Action
Negative Impacts
Resilience
Science-backed decisions
Module 2: Adaptation and Mitigation
How do we tackle climate change?
Lakshmi Menon, Senior Analyst – Adaptation and Risk Analysis Sector
Contents:
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International Consensus and Local Action
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Climate Action
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Two Pillars: Adaptation and Mitigation
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- Planning for Adaptation
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Understanding what is at Risk?
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Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability (Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity)
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- Planning for Mitigation
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Understanding Sources and Sinks
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- Synergies
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Conclusion and Q&A
Source: https://www.thethirdpole.net/en/climate/climate-change-glossary/
International Consensus and Local Action
Key Organisations
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - https://www.ipcc.ch/
- UNFCCC - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change - https://unfccc.int/
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The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) - http://www.moef.gov.in/
Global Policy and Action
Why 1.5˚C ?
Global Progress
Hierarchy of Action
Source: SREX IPCC Report, 2014 16
Climate Action
Two Pillars
Managing the Unavoidable Avoiding the Unmanageable
Source: https://eaest.com/insight/climate-change-adaptation-vs-mitigation/
Adaptation
Chang Ghar
Flood-resilient agriculture techniques
Source: https://www.wikihow.com/Protect-Crops-from-Heavy-Rain
Adapting to heat stress
Mitigation
Source: https://energy.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/power/india-factories-demand-to-generate-own-power-to-help-thermax/68165225
Preventing the burning of fossil fuels
Source: https://www.npr.org/2015/11/27/456716184/indias-quandary-climate-change-and-coal
Emissions from the agriculture sector
Source: Bellarby, et al., 2008
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Impacts Insert image
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Adaptation |
Mitigation |
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Due to existing emissions |
To prevent future carbon emissions |
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Short to medium-term |
Long-term |
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Local and context specific |
Global |
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Protection from ongoing climate harm |
Reduction of severity of future climate harm |
Quiz
A picture of a coastal city with a seawall and flood barriers, Kerala
Source: https://india.mongabay.com/2022/05/hard-constructions-continue-to-erode-keralas-coastline-leaving-communities-stranded/
A photo of a solar panel installation on the roof of a house, Gujarat
An illustration of a tree-planting event in a park
Source: https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/environment/leading-by-example-these-people-are-planting-trees-to-save-the-environment-we-should-too-372701.html
IPCC - Assessment Report – AR6, Working Group II
Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability
Planning for Adaptation
Understanding Risk
Source: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/10/30/india/india-flooding-climate-displacement-intl-hnk-dst/index.html
Key terms and concepts
The goal of adaptation is to reduce risk
How do we measure risk?
Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
Source: Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Working Group II, AR6
How do we measure risk?
Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
Understanding Risk
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What is causing risk?
⬆️ HAZARD = ⬆️ RISK
Understanding Risk
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Hazard
What is causing risk?
Exposure
Who or what is at risk?
⬆️ Exposure = ⬆️ Risk
Understanding Risk
Hazard
Exposure
What is causing risk?
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Exposure
Who or what is at risk?
⬆️ EXPOSURE = ⬆️ RISK
Understanding Risk
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Hazard
What is causing risk?
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Exposure
Who or what is at risk?
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Vulnerability
Why are they at risk?
Understanding Risk
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Vulnerability
Why are they at risk?
Socio Economic Status
Poverty
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Education
Household Composition
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Age 14 or younger
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Age 60 or older
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Disability
Housing & Infrastructure
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Kaccha House
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Unpaved roads
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Access to electricity
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Access to mobile phones
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Access to healthcare
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Disaster shelter
⬆️ Vulnerability = ⬆️ Risk
Addressing Vulnerability
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Addressing Vulnerability
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SAMVAD
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Agri & Non-agri Livelihoods
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NRM
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Education Advocacy
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Health & Nutrition
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Land Rights & Finance
Addressing Vulnerability
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DRR + CCA
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Sustainable Livelihoods
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WASH
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Education
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Youth Welfare
Importance of Adaptation
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Adaptation Methods
- Behaviour Change
- New Technologies
- Green Infrastructure / Climate-smart Agriculture
- Capacity Building / Information & Awareness
- Physical Infrastructure
- Financing
- Early Warning Systems
- Policy
Examples
- Climate Smart Agriculture
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Agroforestry
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Intercropping
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Crop Rotation
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Drought Resistant Crops
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- River Bunds
- Coastal Walls & Mangroves
- Rainwater Harvesting
- Weather forecasting
- Disaster Preparedness
Case Studies
Chennai, Tamil Nadu
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Wetland Restoration
Lunch Break
IPCC - Assessment Report – AR6, Working Group III
Mitigation of Climate Change
Planning for Mitigation
Understanding emissions
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Source: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III, AR6
Understanding emissions
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How do we mitigate climate change?
Carbon Sources and Sinks
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Source: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III, AR6
Key terms and concepts
The goal of mitigation is to reduce emissions from sources or increase carbon sinks
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Reducing emissions at source
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Renewable Energy
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Solar
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Wind
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Biogas
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Energy Efficiency
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Public Transport
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Electric Mobility
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Sustainable Agriculture
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Waste Management
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Population Control
Increasing sinks
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Increasing emission sinks
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Afforestation and Reforestation
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Urban Greening
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Agroforestry
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Mangrove Conservation
Key terms and concepts
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What is net-zero?
Balancing GHG we release with the GHG we remove on a national scale
Source: Project Drawdown
Ongoing work
GHG
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Energy Efficiency.
Public Transport
Electric Mobility
3.
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Sustainable Agriculture
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Waste Management
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Population Control
Synergies
Adaptation and Mitigation
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Source: https://exchange.iseesystems.com/public/ramya/safari/index.html#page1
Our Work
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Summary
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Two Pillars of Climate Action
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Adaptation
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Risk = Hazard x Exposure x Vulnerability
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Mitigation
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Reduce Carbon Emissions + Increase Carbon Sinks
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Synergies
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Application to real-life projects
Annexe
Climate Change at Our Doorsteps
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# |
Name |
Head Office |
Years in Operation |
Regions of Operation |
|
1 |
ADITHI |
Patna |
35 |
Bihar, Jharkhand |
|
2 |
Ghoghardiha Prakhand Swarajya Vikas Sangh (GPSVS) |
Madhubani |
38 |
Bihar |
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3 |
Samagra Sikchhan Evam Vikas Sansthan (SSEVS) |
Bettiah |
33 |
Bihar |
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4 |
Badlao Foundation |
Mihijam |
41 |
Jharkhand |
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5 |
Samvad |
Ranchi |
22 |
Jharkhand |
|
6 |
LAHANTI |
Dumka |
17 |
Jharkhand |
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7 |
Self Employed Workers' Association Kendra (SEWAK) |
Tangarpali |
28 |
Odisha |
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8 |
Seba Jagat |
Rampur |
31 |
Odisha |
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9 |
WORD India |
Sirigida |
31 |
Odisha |
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10 |
Voluntary Integration for Education and Welfare of Society (VIEWS) |
Gopalpur |
21 |
Odisha |
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11 |
Lucknow Mahila Sewa Trust |
Lucknow |
21 |
Uttar Pradesh |
ADITHI, Patna
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Initiation of fisheries program in Madhubani
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Women's health status survey in Bihar
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Soil and water conservation efforts in Dumra and Sitamarhi
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Establishing IGNOU study centre in Dumka
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Women & Children Welfare
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Water & Sanitation activities in Dumka and Sahebganj districts
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Operation of Women Helpline in Dumra, Sitamarhi
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Continued partnership with Unicef, Bihar
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Women & Children Welfare
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Flood Relief
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WASH
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HIV / AIDS
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Education
Ghoghardiha Prakhand Swarajya Vikas Sangh (GPSVS), Madhubani
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Climate Smart Agriculture Field Schools in Ghuskipatti, Jaynagar, Madhepur, Birpur, Basantpur
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Health and Nutrition Garden in Madhubani, Supaul, and Darbhanga
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Community Managed Drinking Water Supply System in Madhubani
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Disaster Mitigation
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Resilience Building of Women for climate Change in Supaul
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Comprehensive School Safety Program in Muzaffarpur, Bhojpur
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Trans Boundary Flood Resilience Project
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Disaster Mitigation
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Agro & non agro livelihoods
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WASH
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Traditional Medicine
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Women Welfare
Samagra Sikchhan Evam Vikas Sansthan (SSEVS)
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Promoting Enterprises & Agricultural Rural Livelihood (PEARL) phase-II project in West Champaran
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Sustainable Livelihood Intervention for Dalit Empowerment (SLIDE) in West Champaran
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Bihar Sustainable Livelihood Development (BSLD) in Sitamarhi
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Preventing Child Trafficking in Muzaffarpur & Vaishali
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Digital literacy in Saran
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Livelihood Resilience for Small and Marginalised farmers of Gandak river basin in West Champaran
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Promoting livelihood through MGNREGA in West Champaran & Siwan
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Homestead Land Literacy and advocacy
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DRR + CCA
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Minimum Wages
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Digital Literacy
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Agriculture
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Women & Child Welfare
Badlao Foundation, Mihijam
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Addressing vulnerabilities among the Pahariya community through women-led market interventions in Jharkhand, India
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Strengthening of Tribal Organisation to Food Security and Rights (Aarho Johar)
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Rural Infrastructure Development (RIDF) in Dumka
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Jharkhand Tribal Empowerment & Livelihood Project (JTELP)
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Empowering Girls and Ending Child marriages in Jamtara, Jharkhand (UMANG)
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Mahila Sabha Mutual Benefit Trust (MBT) in Jamtara
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Agro & Non-agro livelihoods
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WASH
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Traditional Women
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Medicine Welfare
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Disaster Mitigation
Samvad, Ranchi
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Deepening indigenocracy and promoting sustainable livelihood in Jharkhand
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Strengthening local self-governance in Jamtara district of Jharkhand
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Creating awareness and access to social protection in Jharkhand
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Improving knowledge and awareness about health and nutrition
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Improving knowledge about family planning methods in 6 states in India, including Jharkhand
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SHG
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Climate Justice
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Self
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Governance
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Forest Rights
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Women & Child Welfare
Sebajagat, Rampur
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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ICRG programme in Kalahandi district
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MGNREGS in Kalahandi and Nuapada
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Disaster Management and Skill Building in Kalahandi
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Community Forest Right movement in Kalahandi, Nuapada, Khurdha, Gajapati, Sundargarh, Baragada, Kandhamal & Rayagada areas
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DRR + CCA
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NRM
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Skill Building
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Alternative Energy
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Health & Wellness
Voluntary Integration for Education and Welfare of Society (VIEWS), Gopalpur
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Small scale fisheries for Climate Adaptation
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Safe Migration from Cyclone-affected areas
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Clean Energy promotion
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Disaster Relief
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Community-based DRR preparedness
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Millet and Rice Intensification
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DRR + CCA
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Sustainable Livelihoods
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WASH
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Education
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Youth Welfare
LAHANTI, Dumka
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Hope of Family, Jharkhad Lahanti Project
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Gram Swasashan Aviyan (Self Governance), in Santhal Paragana
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Jharkhand Anti-Trafficking Network
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Red Alert (anti-trafficking)
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Lok Manch, Food Security and Agro-based Livelihoods, Jharkhand
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SelfGovernance
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Anti-trafficking
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Dalit Upliftment Agriculture
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Women & Child Welfare
Self Employed Workers' Association Kendra (SEWAK), Tangarpali
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Educating rural and tribal communities on their rights
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Raising awareness on health and the environment
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Working in the domains of gender and education in Sundargarh, Jharsuguda, Sambalpur, and Keonjhar districts of Odisha
Women Organisation for Rural Development (WORD India), Sirigida
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Life Skills and Education in Telkoi and Barkot
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Jiban Sampark in Deogarh district
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Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Planning in Ghasipura
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Strengthening Panchayati Raj
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FRA in Telkoi and surrounding areas
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Child Rights in Bhimkand
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Climate Resilience Agriculture in Telkoi
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Agro-based livelihoods
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Self-Governance
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WASH
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Forest Rights
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Women & Child Welfare
Lucknow Mahila Sewa Trust, Lucknow
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Major Regions and Domains of Work
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Nayi Umang- Sustainable Livelihood for Rural Women
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Rudi-Rural Distribution (Second Freedom of self-employed Women)
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Membership Management System
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Digital Literacy for Underprivileged women
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Naee Roshni - Training Programme in Raebareli
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Huner Se Amdani – Training Programme in Lucknow
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Family Farming Programme
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Usha Shakti Project, Lucknow
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Samman Sewa - Economic Empowerment of Domestic Workers
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Skill Development
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Micro finance
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Technology-Based Farming
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WASH
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Women & Child Welfare


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Source: Hindustan Times
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